batulandak.info: Basic Sewing Terms Batulandak.info

• Selvage-The bound edges of the fabric that are created when the weft threads are woven back and forth in the weaving process.  The selvage edge will often have writing on it or a slight differences from the rest of the fabric.  The selvage edges will not look like you just cut through it. 
• Nap-This refers to fuzzy fabrics such
  as a fleece or velvet.  Some fabric have a one direction nap, so it’s
  important to sew the pieces of a project with nap going the same way.  You will often have to buy extra fabric if your working with a nap.  It will often tell you how much on your pattern
• Interfacing A generally light weight material used on the inside of a project for added stability.  It comes in fusible (iron on) or sew on forms and often has a separate section at sewing stores near the fabric.  Your pattern will tell you if any is needed,how many yards, and what piece or pieces it will be used on.

• Facing-A partial lining used in areas suçh as arm holes, necklines to give a finished edge without a complete lining.
• Dart-  Helps to shape fabric around curved areas. Often around bustlines, waist, hips, and shoulder areas. 
• Basting Stitch-A temporary stitch to hold fabric in place.
• Backstitch-At the beginning, and end of your stitching, a few reverse stitches on your machine locks your stitches, so they don’t unravel. Most seams will start and end this way unless you are doing a specific technique that requires you to use a basting stitch.

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image via Newton Custom Interiors

• Sewing foot-The presser foot that is attached to
  your shank of the sewing machine, such as an all purpose foot, zipper
  foot, blind hem foot, etc.
• Clipping-Cut the seam allowance perpendicular to the seam, but not into the seam.  This allows fabric to lay smoothly around curves.

image via Newton Custom Interiors

• Top Stitching-A decorative or functional stitch
  that is done on the outside of a seam after it  is turned, such as the
  top edge of a tote bag that is lined. It helps to keep corners and seams as sharp as when ironed.
• Notches are used to line up two or more pieces of fabric that you will
  be joining together. Notches are symbolized in various sizes, from
  single to quadruple. Larger notches always refer to the back side of the
  garment, which help keep fronts and backs straight in your mind and
  prevent mistakes. 

Image via Sewing about.com

Dots: Image via Sewing about.com

• Dots are made in various sizes by the pattern companies. These must be
  marked onto your fabric. They indicate starting and stopping points for
  stitching, as well as points to match up markings for things like darts.

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